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You are bidding on a CD containing 4 manuals/subcourses
MILITARY MOUNTAINEERING: 327 pages
RAPPELLING: 144 pages
MOUNTAINEERING TECHNIQUES (BASIC): 157 pages
MOUNTAINEERING TECHNIQUES (ADVANCED): 78 pages
and a bonus manual
MILITARY SKIING: 60 pages
(over 700 pages of study materials with diagrams and illustrations).
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Detailed description:
MILITARY MOUNTAINEERING
This field manual details techniques soldiers and leaders must know to cope with mountainous terrain. These techniques are the foundation upon which the mountaineer must build. They must be applied to the various situations encountered to include river crossings, glaciers, snow-covered mountains, ice climbing, rock climbing, and urban vertical environments. The degree to which this training is applied must be varied to conform to known enemy doctrine, tactics, and actions. This FM also discusses basic and advanced techniques to include acclimatization, illness and injury, equipment, anchors, evacuation, movement on glaciers, and training.
COVER
CHANGE 1, 20 FEB 2003
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1. MOUNTAIN TERRAIN, WEATHER, AND HAZARDS
q Section I. Mountain Terrain
i. Definition
ii. Composition
iii. Rock and Slope Types
iv. Rock Classifications
v. Mountain Building
vi. Route Classification
vii. Cross-Country Movement
viii. Cover and Concealment
ix. Observation
x. Fields of Fire
q Section II. Mountain Weather
i. Considerations for Planning
ii. Mountain Air
iii. Weather Characteristics
iv. Wind
v. Humidity
vi. Cloud Formation
vii. Types of Clouds
viii. Fronts
ix. Temperature
x. Weather Forecasting
xi. Recording Data
xii. Section III. Mountain Hazards
xiii. Subjective Hazards
xiv. Objective Hazards
xv. Weather Hazards
xvi. Avalanche Hazards
CHAPTER 2. MOUNTAIN LIVING
q Section I. Survival
i. 2-1. Water Supply
ii. 2-2. Nutrition
iii. 2-3. Personal Hygiene and Sanitation
q Section II. Acclimatization and Conditioning
i. 2-4. Symptoms and Adjustments
ii. 2-5. Physical and Psychological Conditioning
q Section III. Medical Considerations
i. 2-6. Illness and Injury
ii. 2-7. Treatment and Evacuation
iii. 2-8. Solar Injuries
iv. 2-9. Cold-Weather Injuries
v. 2-10. Heat Injuries
vi. 2-11. Acute Mountain Sickness
vii. 2-12. Chronic Mountain Sickness
viii. 2-13. Understanding High-Altitude Illnesses
ix. 2-14. High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
x. 2-15. High-Altitude Cerebral Edema
xi. 2-16. Hydration in HAPE and HACE
CHAPTER 3. MOUNTAINEERING EQUIPMENT
q Section I. Equipment Description and Maintenance
i. 3-1. Footwear
ii. 3-2. Clothing
iii. 3-3. Climbing Software
iv. 3-4. Climbing Hardware
v. 3-5. Snow and Ice Climbing Hardware
vi. 3-6. Sustainability Equipment
q Section II. Equipment Packing
i. 3-7. Choice of Equipment
ii. 3-8. Tips on Packing
CHAPTER 4. ROPE MANAGEMENT AND KNOTS
q Section I. Preparation, Care and Maintenance, Inspection, Terminology
i. 4-1. Preparation
ii. 4-2. Care and Maintenance
iii. 4-3. Inspection
iv. 4-4. Terminology
q Section II. Coiling, Carrying, Throwing
i. 4-5. Coiling and Carrying the Rope
ii. 4-6. Throwing the Rope
q Section III. Knots
i. 4-7. Square Knot
ii. 4-8. Fisherman's Knot
iii. 4-9. Double Fisherman's Knot
iv. 4-10. Figure-Eight Bend
v. 4-11 Water Knot
vi. 4-12. Bowline
vii. 4-13. Round Turn and Two Half Hitches
viii. 4-14. Figure-Eight Retrace (Rerouted Figure-Eight)
ix. 4-15. Clove Hitch
x. 4-16. Wireman's Knot
xi. 4-17. Directional Figure-Eight
xii. 4-18. Bowline-on-a-Bight (Two-Loop Bowline)
xiii. 4-19. Two-Loop Figure-Eight
xiv. 4-20. Figure-Eight Loop (Figure-Eight-on-a-Bight)
xv. 4-21. Prusik Knot
xvi. 4-22. Bachman Knot
xvii. 4-23. Bowline-on-a-Coil
xviii. 4-24. Three-Loop Bowline
xix. 4-25. Figure-Eight Slip Knot
xx. 4-26. Transport Knot (Overhand Slip Knot/Mule Knot)
xxi. 4-27. Kleimhiest Knot
xxii. 4-28. Frost Knot
xxiii. 4-29. Girth Hitch
xxiv. 4-30. Munter Hitch
xxv. 4-31. Rappel Seat
xxvi. 4-32. Guarde Knot
CHAPTER 5. ANCHORS
q Section I. Natural Anchors
i. 5-1. Trees
ii. 5-2. Boulders
iii. 5-3. Chockstones
iv. 5-4. Rock Projections
v. 5-5. Tunnels and Arches
vi. 5-6. Bushes and Shrubs
vii. 5-7. Slinging Techniques
q Section II. Anchoring With the Rope
i. 5-8. Rope Anchor
ii. 5-9. Tensionless Anchor
iii. Section III. Artificial Anchors
iv. 5-10. Deadman
v. 5-11. Pitons
vi. 5-12. Chocks
vii. 5-13. Spring-Loaded Camming Device
viii. 5-14. Bolts
ix. 5-15. Equalizing Anchors
CHAPTER 6. CLIMBING
q Section I. Climbing Fundamentals
i. 6-1. Route Selection
ii. 6-2. Terrain Selection for Training
iii. 6-3. Preparation
iv. 6-4. Spotting
v. 6-5. Climbing Technique
vi. 6-6. Safety Precautions
vii. 6-7. Margin of Safety
q Section II. Use of Holds
i. 6-8. Climbing With the Feet
ii. 6-9. Using the Hands
iii. 6-10. Combination Techniques
q Section III. Roped Climbing
i. 6-11. Tying-in to the Climbing Rope
ii. 6-12. Presewn Harnesses
iii. 6-13. Improvised Harnesses
q Section IV. Belay Techniques
i. 6-14. Procedure for Managing the Rope
ii. 6-15. Choosing a Belay Technique
iii. 6-16. Establishing a Belay
iv. 6-17. Setting Up a Belay
v. 6-18. Top-Rope Belay
q Section V. Climbing Commands
i. 6-19. Verbal Commands
ii. 6-20. Rope Tug Commands
q Section VI. Roped Climbing Methods
i. 6-21. Top-Roped Climbing
ii. 6-22. Lead Climbing
iii. 6-23. Aid Climbing
iv. 6-24. Three-Man Climbing Team
CHAPTER 7. ROPE INSTALLATIONS
q Section I. Fixed Rope
i. 7-1. Installation
ii. 7-2. Utilization
iii. 7-3. Retrieval
iv. 7-4. Fixed Rope With Intermediate Anchors
q Section II. Rappelling
i. 7-5. Selection of a Rappel Point
ii. 7-6. Installation of the Rappel Point
iii. 7-7. Operation of the Rappel Point
iv. 7-8. Recovery of the Rappel Point
v. 7-9. Types of Rappels
q Section III. One-Rope Bridge
i. 7-10. Site Selection
ii. 7-11. Installation Using Transport Tightening System
iii. 7-12. Installation Using Z-Pulley Tightening System
iv. 7-13. Utilization
v. 7-14. Hauling Line
vi. 7-15. Retrieval
q Section IV. Suspension Traverse
i. 7-16. Site Selection
ii. 7-17. Installation
iii. 7-18. Retrieval
q Section V. Vertical Hauling Line
i. 7-19. Site Selection
ii. 7-20. Installation
iii. 7-21. Retrieval
q Section VI. Simple Raising Systems
q 7-22. Z-Pulley System
q 7-23. U-Pulley System
CHAPTER 8. MOUNTAIN WALKING TECHNIQUES
q 8-1. Basic Principles
q 8-2. Techniques
q 8-3. Safety Considerations
q 8-4. Navigation
q 8-5. Route Planning
q 8-6. Route Selection
CHAPTER 9 MOUNTAIN STREAM CROSSING
q 9-1. Reconnaissance
q 9-2. Preparation of Troops and Equipment
q 9-3. Individual Crossings
q 9-4. Team Crossing
q 9-5. Rope Installations
q 9-6. Safety
q 9-7. Swimming
CHAPTER 10. MOVEMENT OVER SNOW AND ICE
q 10-1. Movement Over Snow
q 10-2. Movement Over Ice
q 10-3. Use of Ice Ax and Crampons
q 10-4. Glissading
q 10-5. Snow and Ice Anchors
q 10-6. Roped Climbing on Ice and Snow
q 10-7. Movement on Glaciers
q 10-8. Glacier Bivouac Procedures
CHAPTER 11. MOUNTAIN RESCUE AND EVACUATION
q 11-1. Considerations
q 11-2. Planning Rescue Operations
q 11-3. Mass Casualties
q 11-4. Special Training
q 11-5. Preparation for Evacuation
q 11-6. Manual Carries
q 11-7. Litters
q 11-8. Rescue Systems
q 11-9. Low-Angle Evacuation
q 11-10. High-Angle Evacuation
APPENDIX A. LEVELS OF MILITARY MOUNTAINEERING
APPENDIX B. MEASUREMENT CONVERSION FACTORS
APPENDIX C. AVALANCHE SEARCH AND RESCUE TECHNIQUES
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
RAPPELLING
This circular provides basic rappelling techniques to soldiers and leaders for the conduct of rappelling operations. It serves as the primary reference for both resident and nonresident instruction presented to cadets, officer candidates, and both commissioned and noncommissioned officers. This circular also discusses several advanced techniques dealing with infiltration and exfiltration.
1. Preface
2. CHAPTER 1. TOWER RAPPELLING
q Section I. Personnel
i. Rappel Master
ii. Rappel Safety Officer
iii. Rappel Lane NCO
iv. Rappeller
v. Belayer
vi. Belay Safety
q Section II. Preoperational Briefings and Safety Procedures
i. 1-7. Safety
ii. 1-8. Safety Briefing
iii. 1-9. Tower Safety and Preparation
iv. 1-10. Rappeller Preparation
q Section III. Rappelling Procedures
i. 1-11. Seat-Hip Rappel
ii. 1-12. Australian Rappel
iii. 1-13. Climbing Procedures
iv. 1-14. Tower Procedures
v. 1-15. Helicopter Skid Rappel
vi. 1-16. Rappel Tower Training for UH-60 Blackhawk Helicopter
vii. 1-17. Emergency Lock-In Procedures
viii. 1-18. Communications
ix. 1-19. Demonstration
3. CHAPTER 2. GROUND RAPPELLING
q 2-1. Personnel
q 2-2. Sustainment Training
q 2-3. Selection of a Rappel Point
q 2-4. Establishment of a Rappel Point
q 2-5. Types of Rappels
q 2-6. Rappelling Procedures
q 2-7. Duties of the Rappeller
q 2-8. Belayer
4. CHAPTER 3. HELICOPTER RAPPELLING
q Section I. Personnel
i. 3-1. Rappel Master
ii. 3-2. Rappel Safety Officer
iii. 3-3. Pilot in Command
iv. 3-4. Rappeller
v. 3-5. Belayer
q Section II. Training
i. 3-6. Sustainment Training
ii. 3-7. Refresher Training
q Section III. Preoperational Briefings and Safety Procedures
i. 3-8. Medical Coverage
ii. 3-9. Communication Requirements
iii. 3-10. Adverse Weather/Terrain Conditions
iv. 3-11. Night Operation Requirements
v. 3-12. Safety Briefing
q Section IV. Deployment of Ropes
i. 3-13. Deployment Bag Technique
ii. 3-14. Log Coil Technique
q Section V. Rappelling Operations for UH-1H Iroquois Helicopter
i. 3-15. Characteristics
ii. 3-16. Rigging of UH-1H Helicopter for Rappelling
iii. 3-17. Construction of Anchor Points
iv. 3-18. Seating Arrangements and Loading Techniques
v. 3-19. Rappeling Procedures
vi. 3-20. Rappelling Commands
vii. 3-21. Inspection and Safety Considerations
q Section VI. Rappelling Operations for UH-60 Blackhawk Helicopter
i. 3-22. Characteristics
ii. 3-23. Rigging of UH-60 for Rappelling
iii. 3-24. Seating Arrangements and Loading Techniques
iv. 3-25. Rappelling Procedures
v. 3-26. Rappelling Commands
vi. 3-27. Inspection and Safety Considerations
q Section VII. Rappelling Operations for MH-53 Helicopter
i. 3-28. Characteristics
ii. 3-29. Rigging of MH-53 Helicopter for Rappelling
iii. 3-30. Seating Arrangements and Loading Techniques
iv. 3-31. Rappelling Procedures
v. 3-32. Rappelling Commands
vi. 3-33. Inspection and Safety Considerations
5. CHAPTER 4. SPECIAL PATROL INFILTRATION/EXFILTRATION SYSTEM
q Section I. SPIES Master Duties and Qualifications
i. 4-1. Qualifications
ii. 4-2. Duties
q Section II. Preoperations Briefings and Procedures
i. 4-3. Safety
ii. 4-4. Communications
iii. 4-5. Extraction Procedures
iv. 4-6. Emergency Procedures
v. 4-7. Dismounting Procedures
vi. 4-8. Inspection of Equipment
vii. 4-9. Rigging of UH-1H Helicopter for SPIES Operations
viii. 4-10. Rigging of UH-60 Helicopter for SPIES Operations
ix. 4-11. Rigging of CH-46/CH-47 Heliocpter for SPIES Operations
q Section III. Land and Water Extraction
i. 4-12. Land Extraction Procedures
ii. 4-13. Water Extraction Procedures
q Section IV. After-Operations Procedures
i. 4-14. Repairing and Cleaning of Equipment
ii. 4-15. Storage of Equipment
6. CHAPTER 5. FAST-ROPE INSERTION AND EXTRACTION SYSTEM
q Section I. General
i. 5-1. Objectives
ii. 5-2. Guidance for Commanders
iii. 5-3. Training Prerequisites
iv. 5-4. Personal Equipment Required
q Section II. FRIES Qualification Training
i. 5-5. Initial FRIES Qualification Training
ii. 5-6. FRIES Proficiency Sustainment Training
q Section III. FRIES Master Selection and Qualification Training
i. 5-7. FRIES Master Selection
ii. 5-8. FRIES Master Prerequisites
iii. 5-9. FRIES Master Training and Certification
iv. 5-10. FRIES Master Refresher Training
q Section IV. Key Personnel Duties and Responsibilities
i. 5-11. Air Mission Commander
ii. 5-12. FRIES Training Officer
iii. 5-13. Pilot in Command
iv. 5-14. FRIES Master
v. 5-15. FRIES Aircrew Member and Safety
vi. 5-16. FRIES Roper
q Section V. FRIES Rigging of Aircraft
i. 5-17. Rigging of FRIES in UH/MH-60
ii. 5-18. Rigging of FRIES in CH/MH-47
iii. 5-19. Rigging of FRIES in MH-53
q Section VI. Equipment Maintenance and Inspection
i. 5-20. Ropes and Harnesses
ii. 5-21. FRIES Mount Bars
q Section VII. Operational Requirements and Limitations
i. 5-22. Medical Support
ii. 5-23. Communications Requirements
iii. 5-24. Adverse Weather or Terrain Conditions
iv. 5-25. Night Operations Requirements
q Section VIII. FRIES Procedures
i. 5-26. FRIES Master
ii. 5-27. Pilot in Command
iii. 5-28. Ropers
iv. 5-29. Equipment-Lowering Procedures
v. 5-30. Helicopter Operations FRM Checklist
vi. 5-31. FRIES Commands and Signals
q Section IX. Emergency Actions
i. 5-32. Emergencies Before Roping Starts
ii. 5-33. Emergencies After Roping Starts
q Section X. Safety
i. 5-34. Preflight and Inflight
ii. 5-35. During Roping
iii. 5-36. Safety Briefing
iv. 5-37. Safety Reminders
7. CHAPTER 6. EQUIPMENT
q Section I. Ropes
i. 6-1. Types of Ropes
ii. 6-2. Rope Selection
iii. 6-3. Care of Ropes
iv. 6-4. Coiling
q Section II. Snaplinks
i. 6-5. Description
ii. 6-6. Types of Snaplinks
iii. 6-7. Inspection
q Section III. Alternate Methods of Descent
i. 6-8. Figure-Eight Descender
ii. 6-9. Munter Hitch
8. CHAPTER 7. KNOTS
i. 7-1. Military Mountaineering Terminology
q Section I. Joining Knots
q 7-2. Square Knot
q 7-3. Double Sheet Bend Knot
q 7-4. Fisherman's Knot
q 7-5. Double Fisherman's Knot
q 7-6. Water Knot
q Section II. Anchor Knots
q 7-7. Bowline Knot
q 7-8. Round Turn and Two Half Hitches Knot
q 7-9. Figure-Eight Retrace Knot
q 7-10. Clove Hitch Knot
q Section III. Middle Rope Knots
q 7-11. Wireman's Knot
q 7-12. Directional Figure-Eight Knot
q 7-13. Bowline-on-a-Bight Knot
q 7-14. Figure-Eight-on-a-Bight Knot
q 7-15. Overhand Loop Knot
q 7-16. Figure-Eight Loop Knot
q Section IV. Special Knots
q 7-17. Single Butterfly Knot
q 7-18. Prusik Knot
q 7-19. Bachman Knot
q 7-20. Bowline-on-a-Coil Knot
q 7-21. Three-Loop Bowline Knot
q 7-22. Figure-Eight Slip Knot
q Section V. Special-Purpose Knots
q 7-23. Kleimhiest Knot
q 7-24. Overhand Knot
q 7-25. Frost Knot
q 7-26. Girth Hitch Knot
9. APPENDIX A. RISK ASSESSMENT
10. APPENDIX B. BASIC EQUIPMENT FOR RAPPEL OPERATIONS
11. GLOSSARY
12. REFERENCES
MOUNTAINEERING TECHNIQUES (BASIC)
This subcourse is designed to teach you the techniques you must know in order to cope with mountainous terrain. The subcourse contains information on identifying the different types of terrain; characteristics of weather and climate; acclimatization and conditioning; and basic mountaineering techniques.
q LESSON 1: MOUNTAINEERING CONDITIONS
o Part A: Terrain
o Part B: Climate
o Part C: Acclimatization and Conditioning
o Part D: Illness and Injury
o Practice Exercise
q LESSON 2: MOUNTAINEERING EQUIPMENT
o Part A: Climbing Ropes and Types of Knots
o Part B: Types of Snaplinks
o Part C: Equipment and Maintenance
o Part D: Types of Pitons and Piton Hammers
o Practice Exercise
q LESSON 3: CLIMBING TECHNIQUES
o Part A: General Techniques
o Part B: Belays
o Part C: Rappelling
o Practice Exercise
MOUNTAINEERING TECHNIQUES (ADVANCED)
The purpose of this subcourse is to teach the techniques you must know in order to cope with mountainous terrain. The advanced mountaineering apply to all operations on mountainous terrain. If you are skilled in military mountaineering, you can perform essential missions in difficult terrain. These skills are expanded by training with experienced climbers as a team, and by learning how to modify new techniques to suit your own style. As experience is gained, new techniques are added to your mountaineering knowledge as long as safety and caution are retained.
q LESSON 1: MOUNTAINEERING TECHNIQUES ON GLACIERS AND SNOW-COVERED MOUNTAINS
o Part A: CLASSIFICATION OF SNOW
o Part B: AVALANCHES
o Part C: SAFETY RULES
o Part D: AVALANCHE RESCUE
o PART E: MOVEMENT ON SNOW AND ICE
o Practice Exercise
q LESSON 2: MOUNTAINEERING TECHNIQUES ON ALPINE PATHS
o Part A: ALPINE PATHS AND HANDLINES
o Part B: STEPS AND LADDERS
o Part C: WALKWAYS
o Practice Exercise
MILITARY SKIING
Combat operations in cold regions characteristically produce vulnerable flanks, rear areas, and lines of communication. Attacks against these kinds of objectives require fast, silent, oversnow mobility. Units on skis are best suited for deep penetrations followed by surprise attacks against these targets.
Military skiing is a means of oversnow mobility which allows the soldier to traverse most types of terrain using standard equipment while carrying or hauling his basic fighting and subsistence load. In this manner, he can arrive at his destination prepared to accomplish any assigned mission.
Most military skiing is done on flat or rolling terrain requiring the use of crosscountry (Nordic) skills. Tactical considerations sometimes dictate skiing down steep slopes requiring skill at downhill (Alpine) skiing techniques. Gaining and maintaining a downhill skiing capability within military units present a major training challenge.
Skills associated with downhill skiing are much more difficult to attain than those for cross-country movement. Alpine training time can be reduced drastically, however, by using the most modern equipment and training techniques.
q PREFACE
q PHASE ONE - Basic Movement
q PHASE TWO - Downhill Movement
q PHASE THREE - Tactical Skiing
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